Lalu lintas kapal langsung
Pulau Bukom schedule
Which ships came and went, and which are expected? Live from AIS, the position transmitter on board.
Ship type
191 arrived · 177 departed · 0 expected · 🗺 Live map
| Time | Kapal | Event | Tujuan |
|---|---|---|---|
| PILOT20 Feri cepat · 17 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| TIAN CHANG HE Kapal kargo · 279 m · IMO 9300324 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| ORKIM EMERALD Kapal tanker · 140 m · IMO 9900265 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| SEA ENDURANCE Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9588689 |
↗ Departed | AEBC | |
| MAERSK CRETE Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9786190 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| NAUTICAL SINGAPORE Lainnya · 85 m · IMO 9708423 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| ONE MAGNIFICENCE Kapal kargo · 302 m · IMO 9424900 |
↗ Departed | Cape Town | |
| LONG XING 01 Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9828209 |
↗ Departed | OTK6 | |
| PILOT 17 Kapal penumpang · 17 m |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MANILA EXPRESS Kapal kargo · 400 m · IMO 9540120 |
↗ Departed | Yantian Pt | |
| ANGEL NO.1 Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9470662 |
↗ Departed | KH KKZ | |
| REN JIAN 15 Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9459278 |
↗ Departed | CNSHG_W4 | |
| AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921 |
↗ Departed | PSA | |
| MAERSK EL PALOMAR Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9964481 |
↗ Departed | PWBGA | |
| MERLION 30 Kapal tanker · 38 m · IMO 9703928 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MARINE PROTECTOR Kapal tanker · 29 m · IMO 8814110 |
↗ Departed | ASPP | |
| TALARA Kapal tanker · 228 m · IMO 9569994 |
↗ Departed | SIGSIN AWPB | |
| HAIAN WEST Kapal kargo · 175 m · IMO 9357860 |
↗ Departed | Port Klang (Pelabuhan Klang) | |
| STRAITS ORACLE Kapal tanker · 95 m · IMO 9655377 |
↗ Departed | AWW | |
| GO SUPPORTER Lainnya · 100 m · IMO 9483059 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| EVER OATH Kapal kargo · 195 m · IMO 9913858 |
↗ Departed | VNHCM | |
| PVT ORIANA Kapal tanker · 128 m · IMO 9444168 |
↗ Departed | EOPL | |
| ESSENCE Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9910997 |
↗ Departed | OTS-6W | |
| CLEANSEAS FERRY 2 Kapal penumpang · 15 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| ELITE Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9542116 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| PAOLINA COSULICH Kapal tanker · 113 m · IMO 9956836 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| OOCL WASHINGTON Kapal kargo · 323 m · IMO 9417256 |
↗ Departed | INNVA | |
| SINDO 10 Kapal penumpang · 28 m · IMO 8879330 |
↗ Departed | BENGKONG | |
| PALMSTONE Kapal tanker · 26 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| QUEEN STAR 3 Feri cepat · 30 m · IMO 9658410 |
↗ Departed | BATAM CENTRE,TERM. | |
| STRAITS ETERNITY Lainnya · 45 m · IMO 9817341 |
↗ Departed | OMU16 | |
| TARANGER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9524762 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| TRANSLUB Kapal tanker |
↗ Departed | — | |
| PILOT20 Feri cepat · 17 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| HARTATI Kapal tanker · 124 m · IMO 9266889 |
↗ Departed | SG PEBGC | |
| CROWN FORTUNE Kapal tanker · 80 m · IMO 9550644 |
↗ Departed | AWPA | |
| CNC 7 Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9407237 |
↗ Departed | AEW | |
| SEA QUEST SB7888B Kapal tanker · 34 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| SEA GLADIATOR Kapal tanker · 229 m · IMO 9407251 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| LILI CORAL Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9909388 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| PEARL MELODY Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9825037 |
↗ Departed | P26 | |
| PENGUIN RECHARGE Kapal penumpang · 28 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| I MANTA Kapal penumpang |
↗ Departed | — | |
| GO EXPLORER Lainnya · 80 m · IMO 9545479 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921 |
↗ Departed | PSA | |
| MARINE PAMELA Kapal tanker · 79 m · IMO 9619696 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| AQUA 6 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9571117 |
↗ Departed | AEPC | |
| PENGUIN RENEWABLE Kapal penumpang · 28 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| TASCO AMATA Kapal tanker · 105 m · IMO 9279680 |
↗ Departed | Gresik, Java | |
| TURTLE BUDDY 3 Kapal tanker · 10 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| MAERSK CRETE Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9786190 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| PSA HULK CS04 Lainnya · 32 m · IMO 9830484 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| BAYAN Kapal tanker · 89 m · IMO 9532317 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| I VIPER V Kapal penumpang |
↗ Departed | — | |
| PRESIDENT SEVENTEEN Lainnya |
↗ Departed | — | |
| GENEVIEVE Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 1081556 |
↗ Departed | PEBGC | |
| RESILIENT NN23 Lainnya · 32 m · IMO 9727675 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| YASA GOLDEN DARDANEL Kapal tanker · 246 m · IMO 9339985 |
↗ Departed | Map Ta Phut | |
| MERLION 20 Kapal tanker · 68 m · IMO 9537161 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| STL P9 Kapal penumpang · 8 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| HAFNIA PANTHER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9694464 |
↗ Departed | Zhoushan | |
| EVER BRAVE Kapal tanker · 45 m · IMO 9742388 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| HR FARHA Kapal kargo · 184 m · IMO 9123582 |
↗ Departed | Port Klang (Pelabuhan Klang) | |
| CLS SINGAPORE Kapal kargo · 24 m · IMO 9888754 |
↗ Departed | — | |
| BOLD WARRIOR Kapal tanker · 273 m · IMO 1058092 |
↗ Departed | MY KKP | |
| IGAN Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 1129396 |
↗ Departed | P13 | |
| CASSIOPEIA Kapal tanker · 140 m · IMO 9809071 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| EVA HONGKONG Kapal tanker · 146 m · IMO 9800001 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| NORMAND AUSTRALIS Lainnya · 82 m · IMO 9502477 |
↗ Departed | PEBGA/SGSIN | |
| BONITA Kapal tanker · 24 m · IMO 9692909 |
↗ Departed | AESPA | |
| HALLEY Kapal kargo · 209 m · IMO 9275062 |
↗ Departed | Surabaya | |
| ORKIM EMERALD Kapal tanker · 140 m · IMO 9900265 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CHWNTEK 5 Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9536674 |
↗ Departed | AESPA | |
| STL V Kapal kargo · 80 m · IMO 9583407 |
↗ Departed | — | |
| GLS HAI PHONG Kapal kargo · 137 m · IMO 1132355 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| PENGUIN REFRESH Kapal penumpang · 28 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| PENGUIN REDEEM Kapal penumpang · 25 m · IMO 9778741 |
↗ Departed | PPFT<->BUKOM | |
| PRISM Lainnya · 44 m · IMO 9847360 |
↗ Departed | AWPB | |
| VANDA ADVENTURE Kapal tanker · 99 m · IMO 9438298 |
↗ Departed | ACGP | |
| QSA PT 3 Lainnya · IMO 9808730 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| FRONTEK Kapal tanker · 63 m · IMO 9537214 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| SYNERGY KEELUNG Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9450595 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MERLION 28 Kapal tanker · 63 m · IMO 9537238 |
↗ Departed | AEPBB | |
| CSM TAURUS Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9672246 |
↗ Departed | ASPP | |
| ONE MAGNIFICENCE Kapal kargo · 302 m · IMO 9424900 |
↗ Departed | Cape Town | |
| NOBLE ORION TG46 Lainnya · 30 m · IMO 9386110 |
↗ Departed | — | |
| SEA FORTITUDE Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9705689 |
↗ Departed | ACGP | |
| DEBONAIR Kapal tanker · 92 m · IMO 9635066 |
↗ Departed | AEPB/C | |
| NAUTICAL SINGAPORE Lainnya · 85 m · IMO 9708423 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| HAI SOON 3 Kapal tanker · 89 m · IMO 9608063 |
↗ Departed | OTS-8 | |
| LONG XING 007 Kapal tanker · 110 m · IMO 1101930 |
↗ Departed | KHKMT | |
| PERMATA RATU Lainnya · 56 m · IMO 9380219 |
↗ Departed | RP1O PACIFIC RAD | |
| PILOT 17 Kapal penumpang · 17 m |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| SYNERGY Kapal tanker · 48 m · IMO 9703954 |
↗ Departed | AWPA | |
| NOC 8 Kapal tanker · 40 m · IMO 9691747 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| MORNING IBIS Kapal tanker · 219 m · IMO 9539523 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| TONJER Lainnya · 96 m · IMO 9422108 |
↗ Departed | ASPLU | |
| MARINE PROTECTOR Kapal tanker · 29 m · IMO 8814110 |
↗ Departed | ASPP | |
| SUPER HERO Kapal tanker · 149 m · IMO 9341330 |
↗ Departed | PEBGC-SG | |
| LS URANUS Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9438262 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CONGO Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9680267 |
↗ Departed | ASPP | |
| CSM HYDRA Kapal tanker · 60 m · IMO 1114884 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| NORMAND BALTIC Kapal kargo · 96 m · IMO 9468190 |
↗ Departed | PEBGA SGSIN | |
| PEARL LEGACY Kapal tanker · 104 m · IMO 1015662 |
↗ Departed | OBH#4A | |
| APL MEXICO CITY Kapal kargo · 329 m · IMO 9632210 |
↗ Departed | Pointe Noire | |
| CMA CGM ALHAMBRA Kapal kargo · 205 m · IMO 9961336 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| SEA LONGEVITY Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9711092 |
↗ Departed | T7 | |
| VAN GOGH Lainnya · 112 m · IMO 9777553 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MARINE TERRACE Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9825049 |
↗ Departed | OMU8 | |
| CEBU Kapal kargo · 172 m · IMO 9968437 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CLEANSEAS EQUALITY Kapal tanker · 57 m · IMO 9817652 |
↗ Departed | 0 | |
| ORKIM POWER Kapal tanker · 106 m · IMO 9546825 |
↗ Departed | SG PEBG-C | |
| COSCO SHIPPING RHINE Kapal kargo · 300 m · IMO 9731951 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| REGALITY Kapal tanker · 60 m · IMO 9671876 |
↗ Departed | AEBC | |
| SEA SOLIDARITY Kapal tanker · 69 m · IMO 9647904 |
↗ Departed | T206 | |
| YANKUL SILVER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9718791 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| QUEEN STAR 6 Feri cepat · 35 m · IMO 9797113 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| OOCL FELIXSTOWE Kapal kargo · 399 m · IMO 9922512 |
↗ Departed | Yantian Pt | |
| MV.BATAMFAST20 Kapal penumpang · 33 m · IMO 9103958 |
↗ Departed | BATAM-SGP AROUND | |
| MPA 5 Lainnya · 17 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| PACIFIC SINCERE Kapal tanker · 94 m · IMO 9596533 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| MARTA COSULICH Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1013315 |
↗ Departed | SG ARP | |
| ETERNITY Kapal tanker · 85 m · IMO 9672258 |
↗ Departed | ARP . | |
| MAJESTIC MAGIC Feri cepat · 39 m · IMO 1166966 |
↗ Departed | BTC-HFC RETRUN | |
| GP47 Lainnya |
↗ Departed | — | |
| HY PROSPER Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9627667 |
↗ Departed | 5.AESPA | |
| MSC ASYA Kapal kargo · 337 m · IMO 9339296 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MONICA Kapal kargo · 172 m · IMO 9971006 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| SYNERGY KEELUNG Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9450595 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| HR FARHA Kapal kargo · 184 m · IMO 9123582 |
↗ Departed | Port Klang (Pelabuhan Klang) | |
| AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921 |
↗ Departed | PSA | |
| TIAN CHANG HE Kapal kargo · 279 m · IMO 9300324 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CRANE ARIEL Kapal tanker · 107 m · IMO 9736511 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| FLAGSHIP Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9515424 |
↗ Departed | OMU#10 | |
| SEA SOLIDARITY Kapal tanker · 69 m · IMO 9647904 |
↗ Departed | T206 | |
| GLS HAI PHONG Kapal kargo · 137 m · IMO 1132355 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CMACGM BOUGAINVILLE Kapal kargo · 398 m · IMO 9702156 |
↗ Departed | EGZZ1 | |
| BOONTEK Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9948889 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| PENGUIN REFRESH Kapal penumpang · 28 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| DEBONAIR Kapal tanker · 92 m · IMO 9635066 |
↗ Departed | AEPB/C | |
| VB RAJA Lainnya · 33 m · IMO 9754800 |
↗ Departed | — | |
| REN JIAN 15 Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9459278 |
↗ Departed | CNSHG_W4 | |
| VB TERAJU Lainnya · 29 m · IMO 9668855 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| LT BERYL Kapal tanker · 99 m · IMO 9824875 |
↗ Departed | PEBG B | |
| DILIGENCE Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9955820 |
↗ Departed | P#31 | |
| MANILA EXPRESS Kapal kargo · 400 m · IMO 9540120 |
↗ Departed | Yantian Pt | |
| IGAN Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 1129396 |
↗ Departed | P13 | |
| ANGEL NO. 11 Kapal tanker · 144 m · IMO 9486233 |
↗ Departed | SGP PEBGC | |
| PIL0T GP43 Kapal penumpang · 15 m |
↗ Departed | BRANI | |
| ZHONG CHUAN 701 Kapal tanker · 120 m · IMO 1015791 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MAERSK EL PALOMAR Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9964481 |
↗ Departed | PWBGA | |
| LS URANUS Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9438262 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| ORACLE Kapal tanker · 110 m · IMO 9525819 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| KING QUEST Kapal kargo · 199 m · IMO 9728851 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CLS SINGAPORE Kapal kargo · 24 m · IMO 9888754 |
↗ Departed | — | |
| COSCO SHIPPING RHINE Kapal kargo · 300 m · IMO 9731951 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| KOSMOS CITRINE Kapal tanker · 105 m · IMO 9650509 |
↗ Departed | AEBA | |
| PENGUIN RECHARGE Kapal penumpang · 28 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| KS SCARLETT Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9394325 |
↗ Departed | EPBG C | |
| SYNERGY KEELUNG Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9450595 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| MAERSK SHEKOU Kapal kargo · 333 m · IMO 9466984 |
↗ Departed | Melbourne | |
| BELLAA 1 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9269398 |
↗ Departed | PWBGA-SGP | |
| MARTA COSULICH Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1013315 |
↗ Departed | SG ARP | |
| EPITOME Kapal tanker · 114 m · IMO 9910973 |
↗ Departed | P-38 | |
| CLEANSEAS EQUALITY Kapal tanker · 57 m · IMO 9817652 |
↗ Departed | 0 | |
| SINDO 10 Kapal penumpang · 28 m · IMO 8879330 |
↗ Departed | BENGKONG | |
| STAR QUEST Kapal tanker · 95 m · IMO 9529358 |
↗ Departed | ARP | |
| SINGAPORE RIVER Kapal kargo · 190 m · IMO 9466518 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| CMA CGM EUGENIE Kapal kargo · 366 m · IMO 9996991 |
↗ Departed | SGSIN>EGZZ1 | |
| STARSHIP MERCURY Kapal kargo · 197 m · IMO 9981104 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| SHENGHANGHUA12 Kapal tanker · 112 m · IMO 9604574 |
↗ Departed | Phuket Port | |
| EVER BEST Kapal tanker · IMO 9704893 |
↗ Departed | AEPB | |
| STAR VOYAGER Kapal penumpang · 261 m · IMO 9103996 |
↗ Departed | TH HKT | |
| PENGUIN REDEEM Kapal penumpang · 25 m · IMO 9778741 |
↗ Departed | PPFT<->BUKOM | |
| CMA CGM TAORMINA Kapal kargo · 272 m · IMO 9977749 |
↗ Departed | Singapore | |
| AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921 |
↗ Departed | PSA | |
| CLEANSEAS FERRY 2 Kapal penumpang · 15 m |
↗ Departed | — | |
| Sekarang | |||
Sekarang di pelabuhan (31)
| Kapal | Status | Tujuan | Terakhir terlihat |
|---|---|---|---|
| MANILA EXPRESS Kapal kargo · 400 m · IMO 9540120 |
Bersandar | Yantian Pt | 55 menit lalu |
| CMA CGM EUGENIE Kapal kargo · 366 m · IMO 9996991 |
Bersandar | SGSIN>EGZZ1 | 20 menit lalu |
| XIN BEIJING Kapal kargo · 336 m · IMO 9314246 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 14 menit lalu |
| KOI Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9461489 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 8 menit lalu |
| COSCO SHIPPING RHINE Kapal kargo · 300 m · IMO 9731951 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 43 menit lalu |
| MAERSK DETROIT Kapal kargo · 299 m · IMO 9333034 |
Berlayar, 2.1 knot | Singapore | 8 menit lalu |
| RHONE MAERSK Kapal kargo · 249 m · IMO 9457000 |
Berlayar, 1.7 knot | Singapore | 14 menit lalu |
| YANKUL SILVER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9718791 |
Berlabuh jangkar | Singapore | 10 menit lalu |
| ARRABBIATA Kapal kargo · 179 m · IMO 9979515 |
Berlabuh jangkar | Kandla | 10 menit lalu |
| SUPER HERO Kapal tanker · 149 m · IMO 9341330 |
Berlabuh jangkar | PEBGC-SG | 9 menit lalu |
| NAN LIAN 006 Kapal tanker · 132 m · IMO 9582063 |
Berlabuh jangkar | Singapore | 20 menit lalu |
| SWAN GLORY Kapal tanker · 119 m · IMO 1063968 |
Berlabuh jangkar | PEBGC | 45 menit lalu |
| ANGEL NO2 Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9547788 |
Berlabuh jangkar | SG- PEBGC | 10 menit lalu |
| BRASSAVOLA Kapal tanker · 116 m · IMO 9880764 |
Berlabuh jangkar | ARAFR | 57 menit lalu |
| VAN GOGH Lainnya · 112 m · IMO 9777553 |
Berlabuh jangkar | Singapore | 12 menit lalu |
| OXALIS DAISY Kapal tanker · 109 m · IMO 1031355 |
Berlayar, 13.2 knot | SRC-5 | 12 menit lalu |
| CRANE ARIEL Kapal tanker · 107 m · IMO 9736511 |
Berlabuh jangkar | Singapore | 21 menit lalu |
| MARINE BLUE Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1032969 |
Berlabuh jangkar | ARP | 33 menit lalu |
| MARINE AZURE Kapal tanker · 102 m · IMO 1032957 |
Berlayar, 1.7 knot | ASPP | 21 menit lalu |
| BELLAA 1 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9269398 |
Berlabuh jangkar | PWBGA-SGP | 25 menit lalu |
| PUSAKA ABADI Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9288162 |
Berlabuh jangkar | PWBGA-SIN | 11 menit lalu |
| BITUMEN HEIWA Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9751121 |
Berlabuh jangkar | SPORE-PEBGC | 57 menit lalu |
| FRONTEK Kapal tanker · 63 m · IMO 9537214 |
Diam | ARP | 31 menit lalu |
| PSA GEMINI (NN75) Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 9998169 |
Bersandar | WCB | 8 menit lalu |
| PSA LYRA (NN76) Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060332 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 8 menit lalu |
| PSA NEBULA Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060394 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 22 menit lalu |
| PSA VOLANS Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060382 |
Bersandar | Singapore | 9 menit lalu |
| KST KIJANG Kapal tunda · 28 m · IMO 9189184 |
Diam | Singapore | 9 menit lalu |
| PSA ACHIEVE Kapal tunda · 25 m · IMO 1014797 |
Berlayar, 2.6 knot | SGP | 10 menit lalu |
| PSA SUCCESS CS10 Kapal tunda · 25 m · IMO 1040239 |
Berlayar, 1.2 knot | Singapore | 9 menit lalu |
| CLEANSEAS JOY Kapal tanker · IMO 1015260 |
Berlayar, 8.3 knot | ARP | 9 menit lalu |
Arrivals and departures come from AIS positions around the port. The expected arrival time and destination are entered by the crew and may differ. Times are shown in your own time zone.
Data: AISHub contributors · not for navigation