Lalu lintas kapal langsung

Pulau Bukom schedule

Which ships came and went, and which are expected? Live from AIS, the position transmitter on board.

Kembali

12 hours 24 hours 3 days 7 days

Ahead

24 hours 48 hours 7 days

Kind

All Arrivals Departures Diperkirakan

Ship type

All Kapal ikan Kapal tunda Kapal keruk Kapal militer Kapal layar Kapal pesiar pribadi Feri cepat Kapal pandu Kapal penyelamat Kapal penumpang Kapal kargo Kapal tanker Lainnya

140 arrived · 110 departed · 0 expected · 🗺 Live map

Time	Kapal	Event	Tujuan
06-11 21:12 UTC	CASSIOPEIA Kapal tanker · 140 m · IMO 9809071	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 21:14 UTC	ORKIM EMERALD Kapal tanker · 140 m · IMO 9900265	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 21:25 UTC	LS URANUS Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9438262	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 21:35 UTC	MARINE PROTECTOR Kapal tanker · 29 m · IMO 8814110	⚓ Arrived	ASPP
06-11 21:45 UTC	HAIAN WEST Kapal kargo · 175 m · IMO 9357860	⚓ Arrived	Port Klang (Pelabuhan Klang)
06-11 21:47 UTC	TIAN CHANG HE Kapal kargo · 279 m · IMO 9300324	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 22:15 UTC	GO SUPPORTER Lainnya · 100 m · IMO 9483059	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 22:15 UTC	SEA FORTITUDE Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9705689	⚓ Arrived	ACGP
06-11 22:15 UTC	MSC ASYA Kapal kargo · 337 m · IMO 9339296	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 22:33 UTC	OOCL FELIXSTOWE Kapal kargo · 399 m · IMO 9922512	⚓ Arrived	Yantian Pt
06-11 22:44 UTC	PILOT20 Feri cepat · 17 m	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 22:45 UTC	REN JIAN 15 Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9459278	⚓ Arrived	CNSHG_W4
06-11 22:46 UTC	SINGAPORE RIVER Kapal kargo · 190 m · IMO 9466518	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 22:46 UTC	AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921	⚓ Arrived	PSA
06-11 22:59 UTC	RESILIENT NN23 Lainnya · 32 m · IMO 9727675	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:01 UTC	ESSENCE Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9910997	⚓ Arrived	OTS-6W
06-11 23:04 UTC	CMA CGM ALHAMBRA Kapal kargo · 205 m · IMO 9961336	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:05 UTC	PENGUIN REDEEM Kapal penumpang · 25 m · IMO 9778741	⚓ Arrived	PPFT<->BUKOM
06-11 23:05 UTC	ONE MAGNIFICENCE Kapal kargo · 302 m · IMO 9424900	⚓ Arrived	Cape Town
06-11 23:06 UTC	MANILA EXPRESS Kapal kargo · 400 m · IMO 9540120	⚓ Arrived	Yantian Pt
06-11 23:16 UTC	PVT ORIANA Kapal tanker · 128 m · IMO 9444168	⚓ Arrived	EOPL
06-11 23:19 UTC	CEBU Kapal kargo · 172 m · IMO 9968437	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:19 UTC	HALLEY Kapal kargo · 209 m · IMO 9275062	⚓ Arrived	Surabaya
06-11 23:21 UTC	HARTATI Kapal tanker · 124 m · IMO 9266889	⚓ Arrived	SG PEBGC
06-11 23:22 UTC	NORMAND BALTIC Kapal kargo · 96 m · IMO 9468190	⚓ Arrived	PEBGA SGSIN
06-11 23:23 UTC	MAERSK EL PALOMAR Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9964481	⚓ Arrived	PWBGA
06-11 23:23 UTC	NORMAND AUSTRALIS Lainnya · 82 m · IMO 9502477	⚓ Arrived	PEBGA/SGSIN
06-11 23:25 UTC	SINDO 10 Kapal penumpang · 28 m · IMO 8879330	⚓ Arrived	BENGKONG
06-11 23:25 UTC	SEA LONGEVITY Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9711092	⚓ Arrived	ASSPU
06-11 23:25 UTC	NOBLE ORION TG46 Lainnya · 30 m · IMO 9386110	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:26 UTC	CLEANSEAS FERRY 2 Kapal penumpang · 15 m	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:26 UTC	FRONTEK Kapal tanker · 63 m · IMO 9537214	⚓ Arrived	ARP
06-11 23:30 UTC	APL MEXICO CITY Kapal kargo · 329 m · IMO 9632210	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:31 UTC	NAUTICAL SINGAPORE Lainnya · 85 m · IMO 9708423	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:34 UTC	ELITE Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9542116	⚓ Arrived	AEPB
06-11 23:35 UTC	PERMATA RATU Lainnya · 56 m · IMO 9380219	⚓ Arrived	RP1O PACIFIC RAD
06-11 23:35 UTC	SYNERGY Kapal tanker · 48 m · IMO 9703954	⚓ Arrived	AWPA
06-11 23:40 UTC	CLEANSEAS EQUALITY Kapal tanker · 57 m · IMO 9817652	⚓ Arrived	0
06-11 23:41 UTC	MERLION 20 Kapal tanker · 68 m · IMO 9537161	⚓ Arrived	ARP
06-11 23:44 UTC	TONJER Lainnya · 96 m · IMO 9422108	⚓ Arrived	ASPLU
06-11 23:45 UTC	PENGUIN RECHARGE Kapal penumpang · 27 m	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:45 UTC	KS SCARLETT Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9394325	⚓ Arrived	EPBG C
06-11 23:45 UTC	PRISM Lainnya · 44 m · IMO 9847360	⚓ Arrived	AWPB
06-11 23:46 UTC	VANDA ADVENTURE Kapal tanker · 99 m · IMO 9438298	⚓ Arrived	ACGP
06-11 23:46 UTC	STRAITS ETERNITY Lainnya · 45 m · IMO 9817341	⚓ Arrived	OMU16
06-11 23:46 UTC	PEARL MELODY Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9825037	⚓ Arrived	P26
06-11 23:47 UTC	STL V Kapal kargo · 80 m · IMO 9583407	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:47 UTC	YASA GOLDEN DARDANEL Kapal tanker · 246 m · IMO 9339985	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:48 UTC	SEA QUEST SB7888B Kapal tanker · 34 m	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:49 UTC	NOC 8 Kapal tanker · 40 m · IMO 9691747	⚓ Arrived	AEPB
06-11 23:50 UTC	QSA PT 3 Lainnya · IMO 9808730	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:52 UTC	MAERSK CRETE Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9786190	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:53 UTC	LILI CORAL Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9909388	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:53 UTC	MORNING IBIS Kapal tanker · 219 m · IMO 9539523	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:53 UTC	LONG XING 007 Kapal tanker · 110 m · IMO 1101930	⚓ Arrived	KHKMT
06-11 23:55 UTC	CROWN FORTUNE Kapal tanker · 80 m · IMO 9550644	⚓ Arrived	AWPA
06-11 23:56 UTC	PEARL LEGACY Kapal tanker · 104 m · IMO 1015662	⚓ Arrived	OBH#4A
06-11 23:56 UTC	SEA GLADIATOR Kapal tanker · 229 m · IMO 9407251	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:56 UTC	PSA HULK CS04 Lainnya · 32 m · IMO 9830484	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
06-11 23:57 UTC	CLS SINGAPORE Kapal kargo · 24 m · IMO 9888754	⚓ Arrived	—
06-11 23:59 UTC	BOLD WARRIOR Kapal tanker · 273 m · IMO 1058092	⚓ Arrived	MY KKP
07-11 00:02 UTC	BOONTEK Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9948889	⚓ Arrived	ARP
07-11 00:04 UTC	PENGUIN REFRESH Kapal penumpang · 28 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 00:06 UTC	PENGUIN RENEWABLE Kapal penumpang · 28 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 00:06 UTC	GENEVIEVE Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 1081556	⚓ Arrived	PEBGC
07-11 00:13 UTC	PALMSTONE Kapal tanker · 26 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 00:14 UTC	MARINE PAMELA Kapal tanker · 79 m · IMO 9619696	⚓ Arrived	ARP
07-11 00:14 UTC	HAFNIA PANTHER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9694464	⚓ Arrived	Zhoushan
07-11 00:15 UTC	TASCO AMATA Kapal tanker · 105 m · IMO 9279680	⚓ Arrived	Gresik, Java
07-11 00:16 UTC	QUEEN STAR 3 Feri cepat · 30 m · IMO 9658410	⚓ Arrived	BATAM CENTRE,TERM.
07-11 00:20 UTC	GO EXPLORER Lainnya · 80 m · IMO 9545479	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 00:25 UTC	TRANSLUB Kapal tanker	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 00:30 UTC	BONITA Kapal tanker · 24 m · IMO 9692909	⚓ Arrived	AESPA
07-11 00:32 UTC	IGAN Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 1129396	⚓ Arrived	P19
07-11 00:37 UTC	COSCO SHIPPING RHINE Kapal kargo · 300 m · IMO 9731951	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 00:37 UTC	EVA HONGKONG Kapal tanker · 146 m · IMO 9800001	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 00:39 UTC	CNC 7 Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9407237	⚓ Arrived	SELAT PAUH PETROLEUM
07-11 00:47 UTC	EVER BRAVE Kapal tanker · 45 m · IMO 9742388	⚓ Arrived	AEPB
07-11 00:47 UTC	SEA SOLIDARITY Kapal tanker · 69 m · IMO 9647904	⚓ Arrived	T206
07-11 00:52 UTC	TURTLE BUDDY 3 Kapal tanker · 10 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 00:57 UTC	PILOT 17 Kapal penumpang · 17 m	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 00:57 UTC	PRESIDENT SEVENTEEN Lainnya	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 01:11 UTC	STL P9 Kapal penumpang · 8 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 01:11 UTC	I MANTA Kapal penumpang	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 01:16 UTC	CSM TAURUS Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9672246	⚓ Arrived	ASPP
07-11 01:17 UTC	CSM HYDRA Kapal tanker · 60 m · IMO 1114884	⚓ Arrived	AEPB
07-11 01:20 UTC	AQUA 6 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9571117	⚓ Arrived	AEPC
07-11 01:21 UTC	I VIPER V Kapal penumpang	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 01:27 UTC	SYNERGY KEELUNG Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9450595	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 01:29 UTC	BAYAN Kapal tanker · 89 m · IMO 9532317	⚓ Arrived	ASPP
07-11 01:43 UTC	REGALITY Kapal tanker · 60 m · IMO 9671876	⚓ Arrived	AEBC
07-11 01:50 UTC	HR FARHA Kapal kargo · 184 m · IMO 9123582	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 02:02 UTC	VAN GOGH Lainnya · 112 m · IMO 9777553	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 02:03 UTC	MARINE PROTECTOR Kapal tanker · 29 m · IMO 8814110	⚓ Arrived	ASPP
07-11 02:11 UTC	CHWNTEK 5 Kapal tanker · 91 m · IMO 9536674	⚓ Arrived	AESPA
07-11 02:32 UTC	MERLION 28 Kapal tanker · 63 m · IMO 9537238	⚓ Arrived	AEPBB
07-11 02:33 UTC	SALAMAH Kapal tanker · 78 m · IMO 9836799	⚓ Arrived	ARP
07-11 02:43 UTC	HAI SOON 3 Kapal tanker · 89 m · IMO 9608063	⚓ Arrived	OTS-8
07-11 02:49 UTC	DEBONAIR Kapal tanker · 92 m · IMO 9635066	⚓ Arrived	OSV 06
07-11 02:52 UTC	MARTA COSULICH Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1013315	⚓ Arrived	SG ARP
07-11 03:25 UTC	CONGO Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9680267	⚓ Arrived	ASPP
07-11 03:33 UTC	MARINE TERRACE Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 9825049	⚓ Arrived	OMU8
07-11 03:43 UTC	BITUMEN HEIWA Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9751121	⚓ Arrived	SPORE-PEBGC
07-11 04:10 UTC	HY PROSPER Kapal tanker · 43 m · IMO 9627667	⚓ Arrived	5.AESPA
07-11 04:18 UTC	MAJESTIC MAGIC Feri cepat · 39 m · IMO 1166966	⚓ Arrived	BTC-HFC RETRUN
07-11 04:30 UTC	SHENGHANGHUA12 Kapal tanker · 112 m · IMO 9604574	⚓ Arrived	Phuket Port
07-11 04:47 UTC	MONICA Kapal kargo · 172 m · IMO 9971006	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 05:24 UTC	TASCO AMATA Kapal tanker · 105 m · IMO 9279680	⚓ Arrived	Gresik, Java
07-11 05:32 UTC	QUEEN STAR 6 Feri cepat · 35 m · IMO 9797113	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 05:35 UTC	PENGUIN REDEEM Kapal penumpang · 25 m · IMO 9778741	⚓ Arrived	PPFT<->BUKOM
07-11 05:43 UTC	MV.BATAMFAST20 Kapal penumpang · 33 m · IMO 9103958	⚓ Arrived	BATAM-SGP AROUND
07-11 05:52 UTC	MPA 5 Lainnya · 17 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 05:53 UTC	PACIFIC SINCERE Kapal tanker · 94 m · IMO 9596533	⚓ Arrived	CC01
07-11 06:04 UTC	BELLAA 1 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9269398	⚓ Arrived	PWBGA-SGP
07-11 06:12 UTC	VB TERAJU Lainnya · 29 m · IMO 9668855	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 06:14 UTC	GP47 Lainnya	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 06:29 UTC	SYNERGY KEELUNG Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9450595	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 06:30 UTC	LS URANUS Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9438262	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 06:34 UTC	XIN BEIJING Kapal kargo · 336 m · IMO 9314246	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 06:38 UTC	HR FARHA Kapal kargo · 184 m · IMO 9123582	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 06:47 UTC	FLAGSHIP Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9515424	⚓ Arrived	OMU#10
07-11 06:53 UTC	VB RAJA Lainnya · 33 m · IMO 9754800	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 06:54 UTC	AYER CHOMEL Kapal kargo · 45 m · IMO 9710921	⚓ Arrived	PSA
07-11 07:07 UTC	GLS HAI PHONG Kapal kargo · 137 m · IMO 1132355	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 07:31 UTC	ORACLE Kapal tanker · 110 m · IMO 9525819	⚓ Arrived	PTP\
07-11 07:38 UTC	SEA SOLIDARITY Kapal tanker · 69 m · IMO 9647904	⚓ Arrived	T206
07-11 07:44 UTC	EPITOME Kapal tanker · 114 m · IMO 9910973	⚓ Arrived	AWPA
07-11 07:55 UTC	CLEANSEAS EQUALITY Kapal tanker · 57 m · IMO 9817652	⚓ Arrived	0
07-11 07:56 UTC	GOLDEN SAGITTARIUS Kapal tanker · 127 m · IMO 9867073	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 08:03 UTC	PIL0T GP43 Kapal penumpang · 15 m	⚓ Arrived	BRANI
07-11 08:04 UTC	DEBONAIR Kapal tanker · 92 m · IMO 9635066	⚓ Arrived	OSV 06
07-11 08:15 UTC	PENGUIN REFRESH Kapal penumpang · 28 m	⚓ Arrived	—
07-11 08:20 UTC	MARINE BLUE Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1032969	⚓ Arrived	ARP
07-11 08:23 UTC	LT BERYL Kapal tanker · 99 m · IMO 9824875	⚓ Arrived	PEBG B
07-11 08:34 UTC	DILIGENCE Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9955820	⚓ Arrived	P#31
07-11 08:35 UTC	MSC ZAMBEZI II Kapal kargo · 195 m · IMO 9224958	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 08:42 UTC	YANKUL SILVER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9718791	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
07-11 08:52 UTC	DELPHINE Kapal tanker · 87 m · IMO 9654907	⚓ Arrived	ARAFR
07-11 08:52 UTC	IGAN Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 1129396	⚓ Arrived	P19
07-11 08:54 UTC	KOI Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9461489	⚓ Arrived	Singapore
Sekarang

Sekarang di pelabuhan (43)

Kapal	Status	Tujuan	Terakhir terlihat
MANILA EXPRESS Kapal kargo · 400 m · IMO 9540120	Bersandar	Yantian Pt	27 menit lalu
CMA CGM EUGENIE Kapal kargo · 366 m · IMO 9996991	Bersandar	SGSIN>EGZZ1	40 menit lalu
XIN BEIJING Kapal kargo · 336 m · IMO 9314246	Bersandar	Singapore	54 menit lalu
KOI Kapal kargo · 335 m · IMO 9461489	Diam	Singapore	7 menit lalu
MAERSK SHEKOU Kapal kargo · 333 m · IMO 9466984	Bersandar	Melbourne	11 menit lalu
REN JIAN 15 Kapal kargo · 260 m · IMO 9459278	Berlayar, 1.0 knot	CNSHG_W4	20 menit lalu
STARSHIP MERCURY Kapal kargo · 197 m · IMO 9981104	Berlayar, 5.7 knot	Singapore	15 menit lalu
MSC ZAMBEZI II Kapal kargo · 195 m · IMO 9224958	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	10 menit lalu
SINGAPORE RIVER Kapal kargo · 190 m · IMO 9466518	Bersandar	Singapore	28 menit lalu
YANKUL SILVER Kapal tanker · 183 m · IMO 9718791	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	8 menit lalu
ARRABBIATA Kapal kargo · 179 m · IMO 9979515	Berlabuh jangkar	Kandla	9 menit lalu
NAN LIAN 006 Kapal tanker · 132 m · IMO 9582063	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	6 menit lalu
GOLDEN SAGITTARIUS Kapal tanker · 127 m · IMO 9867073	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	14 menit lalu
ZHONG CHUAN 701 Kapal tanker · 120 m · IMO 1015791	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	7 menit lalu
SWAN GLORY Kapal tanker · 119 m · IMO 1063968	Berlabuh jangkar	PEBGC	13 menit lalu
LS URANUS Kapal tanker · 118 m · IMO 9438262	Berlabuh jangkar	Singapore	11 menit lalu
IGAN Kapal tanker · 115 m · IMO 1129396	Diam	P19	15 menit lalu
EPITOME Kapal tanker · 114 m · IMO 9910973	Berlabuh jangkar	AWPA	22 menit lalu
SHENGHANGHUA12 Kapal tanker · 112 m · IMO 9604574	Berlabuh jangkar	Phuket Port	23 menit lalu
ORACLE Kapal tanker · 110 m · IMO 9525819	Diam	PTP\	11 menit lalu
KOSMOS CITRINE Kapal tanker · 105 m · IMO 9650509	Berlayar, 1.0 knot	AWW	7 menit lalu
BLUE STALLION Kapal tanker · 104 m · IMO 9367499	Berlayar, 5.1 knot	Singapore	6 menit lalu
MARINE BLUE Kapal tanker · 103 m · IMO 1032969	Berlabuh jangkar	ARP	51 menit lalu
BELLAA 1 Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9269398	Berlabuh jangkar	PWBGA-SGP	8 menit lalu
KS SCARLETT Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9394325	Berlabuh jangkar	EPBG C	8 menit lalu
PUSAKA ABADI Kapal tanker · 100 m · IMO 9288162	Berlabuh jangkar	PWBGA-SIN	6 menit lalu
LT BERYL Kapal tanker · 99 m · IMO 9824875	Diam	PEBG B	37 menit lalu
BITUMEN HEIWA Kapal tanker · 96 m · IMO 9751121	Berlabuh jangkar	SPORE-PEBGC	7 menit lalu
DILIGENCE Kapal tanker · 90 m · IMO 9955820	Diam	P#31	28 menit lalu
DELPHINE Kapal tanker · 87 m · IMO 9654907	Diam	ARAFR	6 menit lalu
SALAMAH Kapal tanker · 78 m · IMO 9836799	Diam	ARP	59 menit lalu
CLEANSEAS EQUALITY Kapal tanker · 57 m · IMO 9817652	Berlabuh jangkar	0	10 menit lalu
VB RAJA Lainnya · 33 m · IMO 9754800	Berlayar, 10.1 knot	—	30 menit lalu
PSA LYRA (NN76) Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060332	Bersandar	Singapore	39 menit lalu
PSA NEBULA Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060394	Bersandar	Singapore	26 menit lalu
PSA PISCES Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060344	Bersandar	Singapore	7 menit lalu
PSA VOLANS Kapal tunda · 30 m · IMO 1060382	Bersandar	Singapore	26 menit lalu
VB TERAJU Lainnya · 29 m · IMO 9668855	Berlayar, 6.9 knot	Singapore	32 menit lalu
PENGUIN REFRESH Kapal penumpang · 28 m	Diam	—	57 menit lalu
PSA ASPEN NN25 Kapal tunda · 28 m · IMO 9853682	Diam	SGP WCB	7 menit lalu
PSA ACHIEVE Kapal tunda · 25 m · IMO 1014797	Diam	SGP	9 menit lalu
PIL0T GP43 Kapal penumpang · 15 m	Diam	BRANI	7 menit lalu
NOBLE JADE TG40 Kapal tunda	Berlayar, 1.7 knot	—	22 menit lalu

Arrivals and departures come from AIS positions around the port. The expected arrival time and destination are entered by the crew and may differ. Times are shown in your own time zone.

Data: AISHub contributors · not for navigation